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Storia dell'arte - Story of Art
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Roman Art In the Vlllth Century b.C. on the Campidoglio was created a new society, with new buildings surrounded bu gigantic walls and houses, inspired by the Etruscan Art. During the Republic Period the sculptures and all the architectonic buildings and temples in Rome were more inspired by the Greek Culture than by the Etruscan one (materials, decorations).
The houses were significantly similar to the Etruscan and Greek Buildings; the were formed by the Peristilio, and they were decorated with wall paintings on their inside (Frescoes, Encasto or Tempera). The Roman wall paintings during the llnd Century were made with bright colors, while during the lst Century the aim of the paintings was to make the space seem a lot bigger. (The illusion of open Spaces was obtained with a tecnique called “Trompe l’oeil”). In the same period the Roman sculpture was characterized by the use of the Marble; the sculptors abandoned the Etruscan Style and prefered the Greek one. The Emperor Augusto introduced the concept of monumentality like a symbol of power. The Emperors Tiberio, Claudio, Nerore created the “Imperial Houses”: Domus Tiberiana, Domus Aurea, which reached incredible dimensions. The Flavi’s family ordered a monumental renovation of Rome, after the disaster occured with the fire caused by Nerone; Vespasiano, Tito and Domiziano ordered the creation of the Coloseum. The Coloseum was a huge building created with three main styles: Tuscanico, Ionico and Corinzio. Traiano and Adriano introduced the “Arte Romano-Imperiale” whose some of the greatest examples are: “Foro di Traiano”, a market; “Basilica Ulpia”, divided in a latin library and agreek one; “Colonna di Traiano”, a huge column of 36 m. which represents the victories of Traiano against the Daci. The greatest monument of the imperial period is the Pantheon (118-125 a.C.) that was built after the Agrippa’s temple was completely destroyed. The temple is made of sixteen columns of Egyptian Granito, on the front side it has a triangular timpano. The huge dome has a hole in the middle. Adriano introduced in Rome an internation sense of style, like in the “Villa di Tivoli”. Settimio Severo (933-211) and Caracalla (211-217) refused the classic style and adopted a new sense of art called the “Arte Barocca Romana”. The urban system was largely rebuilt, with shipyards near the river Tevere and new Baths. The need of big fortification walls around the city erased from a serious political situation (260 a.C.). When the Christianity started to become popular in Rome (Editto di Milano, 313 a.C.), the glourius artistic activity had already ended. The first Christian Churches were very classic and inspired by the classi-pagan myths. In the Vth Century developed the very last expression of Paleochristian Art, with the Catacombs, that were tunnels extended for 150km or more for the setting of death corps.
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